NYSE · Consumer Cyclical

Stellantis N.V.

STLA · Auto Manufacturers

$6.34

▼ -0.13 (-2.01%)

Cached · 10 min

Overall Grade

Defensive

Enterprising

Profitability

F⤢

Gross Profit Margin -1.4%

Operating Margin -14.5%

Net Income Margin -14.6%

Fin. Health

D⤢

Years to Pay Off Debt -2.1 yrs

Working Capital vs Long-Term Debt -$28.4B

Working Capital $1.8B

Valuation

A⤢

Price-to-Book 0.34x

Cash Flow

F⤢

Free Cash Flow -$13.8B

Owner Earnings -$6.2B

Profitability

Gross Profit Margin -1.4%

Revenue minus cost of goods sold. Graham's ≥40% threshold identifies businesses with durable pricing power. Note: software and financial companies naturally exceed this; retailers and manufacturers rarely reach it due to their cost structures.

Operating Margin -14.5%

Profit after operating costs before interest and taxes. A consistent ≥15% operating margin signals a business with real competitive advantages. Capital-intensive industries (airlines, auto, commodities) rarely hit this threshold due to their structural cost base — compare within industry for context.

Net Income Margin -14.6%

Bottom-line profit as a percentage of revenue. The ≥20% target reflects Buffett's preference for highly profitable businesses. Financial engineering (buybacks, tax optimisation) can inflate this temporarily — look for consistency across multiple years rather than a single strong result.

Financial Health

Years to Pay Off Debt -2.1 yrs

Total Debt ÷ Net Income. Lower = stronger balance sheet. Important caveat: utilities, telecoms, REITs, and infrastructure companies carry large structural debt by design — their bond-like cash flows service it comfortably at ratios that would alarm Graham. Compare within sector.

Working Capital vs Long-Term Debt -$28.4B

Working Capital minus Long-Term Debt. Negative results are common and expected in capital-return-focused businesses like Apple, Domino's, and McDonald's — where aggressive buybacks and dividends intentionally reduce book equity. This does not indicate financial distress in high-FCF businesses.

Working Capital $1.8B

Current Assets minus Current Liabilities. Negative working capital can be a deliberate efficiency strategy in businesses that collect cash before paying suppliers (retailers, fast food franchises, subscription businesses). Assess alongside free cash flow generation for full context.

Defensive — Graham's strict criteria (P/B, P/E, dividends, stability) · Enterprising — Profitability & cash flow focused, accepts higher valuations for quality

About Stellantis N.V.

Stellantis N.V. engages in the designing, engineering, manufacturing, distribution, and sale of automobiles and light commercial vehicles, engines, transmission systems, and mobility services worldwide. It provides luxury and premium vehicles; global sport utility vehicles; American and European brand vehicles, as well as parts and accessories. The company also provides contract services; retail and dealer financing services; and vehicle leasing and rental services, as well as engages in after-market parts and service businesses and data businesses. It offers its products under the Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, DS Automobiles, Dodge, Fiat, Jeep, Maserati, Ram Trucks, Opel, Lancia, Vauxhall, Peugeot, Free2move, Share Now, Leasys, and Comau brand names through distributors and dealers. The company has a strategic collaboration with Microsoft Corporation for the development of AI initiatives across sales, customer care and operations. The company operates in North America, France, Brazil, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, Turkiye, Spain, Argentina, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Portugal, Poland, Algeria, Morocco, Japan, China, and internationally. Stellantis N.V. was founded in 1899 and is based in Hoofddorp, the Netherlands.

Market Data

Market Cap $18.4B

Enterprise Value $37.2B

P/E (TTM) 3.60

Dividend Yield N/A

Exchange NYSE

Key Margins

Gross Profit -1.4%

Operating Margin -14.5%

Net Margin -14.6%

Company Info

Sector Consumer Cyclical

Industry Auto Manufacturers

Employees 258668

Country Netherlands

Visit website

Showing Key Metrics

Income Highlights

Metric	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021
Gross Profit %	-1.4%▼	13.1%▼	20.1%▲	19.6%•	N/A
Operating Margin %	-14.5%▼	3.5%▼	12.1%▲	11.7%•	N/A
Net Income %	-14.6%▼	3.5%▼	9.8%▲	9.4%•	N/A
Diluted EPS	-7.75▼	1.84▼	5.94▲	5.31•	N/A

Balance Sheet Highlights

Metric	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021
Total Assets	$195.2B	$207.6B	$202.1B	$186.2B	N/A
Total Debt	$45.9B▲	$37.2B▲	$29.5B▲	$27.2B•	N/A
Working Capital	$1.8B▼	$6.4B▼	$17.6B▼	$18.0B•	N/A
Years to Pay Debt	-2.05	6.80	1.58	1.62	N/A

Cash Flow Highlights

Metric	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021
Free Cash Flow	-$13.8B▼	-$9.5B▼	$7.8B▼	$10.9B•	N/A
Owner Earnings	-$6.2B	$23.8B	$36.3B	$32.6B	N/A
CapEx % of Net Income	N/A	202.1%	54.8%	53.7%	N/A

Income Statement

	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021
Tax Effect Of Unusual Items	-458,045	-475,236	-406,445	-240,940
Tax Rate For Calcs	0	0	0	0
Normalized EBITDA	-15,303,000	14,623,000	33,702,000	29,211,000
Total Unusual Items	-2,845,000	-1,842,000	-2,405,000	-1,721,000
Total Unusual Items Excluding Goodwill	-2,845,000	-1,842,000	-2,405,000	-1,721,000
Net Income From Continuing Operation Net Minority Interest	-22,368,000	5,473,000	18,596,000	16,799,000
Reconciled Depreciation	6,981,000	7,226,000	7,549,000	6,797,000
Reconciled Cost Of Revenue	155,627,000	136,360,000	151,400,000	144,327,000
EBITDA	-18,148,000	12,781,000	31,297,000	27,490,000
EBIT	-25,129,000	5,555,000	23,748,000	20,693,000
Net Interest Income	-258,000	472,000	1,348,000	-119,000
Interest Expense	1,476,000	1,523,000	1,330,000	1,185,000
Interest Income	1,218,000	1,995,000	2,678,000	1,066,000
Normalized Income	-19,981,045	6,839,764	20,594,555	18,279,060
Net Income From Continuing And Discontinued Operation	-22,368,000	5,473,000	18,596,000	16,799,000
Total Expenses	175,739,000	151,443,000	166,560,000	158,508,000
Total Operating Income As Reported	-26,254,000	3,687,000	22,376,000	20,276,000
Diluted Average Shares	2,886,684	2,975,820	3,132,458	3,163,959
Basic Average Shares	2,886,684	2,949,652	3,107,725	3,140,089
Diluted EPS	0	0	0	0
Basic EPS	0	0	0	0
Diluted NI Availto Com Stockholders	-22,368,000	5,473,000	18,596,000	16,799,000
Net Income Common Stockholders	-22,368,000	5,473,000	18,596,000	16,799,000
Net Income	-22,368,000	5,473,000	18,596,000	16,799,000
Minority Interests	-36,000	-47,000	-29,000	20,000
Net Income Including Noncontrolling Interests	-22,332,000	5,520,000	18,625,000	16,779,000
Net Income Discontinuous Operations			0	0	990,000
Net Income Continuous Operations	-22,332,000	5,520,000	18,625,000	16,779,000
Earnings From Equity Interest Net Of Tax				264,000	737,000
Tax Provision	-4,273,000	-1,488,000	3,793,000	2,729,000
Pretax Income	-26,605,000	4,032,000	22,418,000	19,508,000
Other Income Expense	-4,116,000	-1,875,000	-1,914,000	-1,457,000
Special Income Charges	-940,000	-1,529,000	-1,247,000	-1,158,000
Write Off	27,000	-88,000	128,000	14,000
Restructuring And Mergern Acquisition	913,000	1,617,000	1,119,000	1,144,000
Earnings From Equity Interest	-1,271,000	-33,000	491,000	264,000
Gain On Sale Of Security	-1,905,000	-313,000	-1,158,000	-563,000
Net Non Operating Interest Income Expense	-258,000	472,000	1,348,000	-119,000
Total Other Finance Cost					286,000
Interest Expense Non Operating	1,476,000	1,523,000	1,330,000	1,185,000
Interest Income Non Operating	1,218,000	1,995,000	2,678,000	1,066,000
Operating Income	-22,231,000	5,435,000	22,984,000	21,084,000
Operating Expense	20,112,000	15,083,000	15,160,000	14,181,000
Research And Development	11,145,000	5,784,000	5,619,000	5,200,000
Selling General And Administration	8,967,000	9,299,000	9,541,000	8,981,000
Gross Profit	-2,119,000	20,518,000	38,144,000	35,265,000
Cost Of Revenue	155,627,000	136,360,000	151,400,000	144,327,000
Total Revenue	153,508,000	156,878,000	189,544,000	179,592,000
Operating Revenue	153,508,000	156,878,000	189,544,000	179,592,000

Balance Sheet

	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021
Treasury Shares Number	6,233	15,581	142,090	69,126
Ordinary Shares Number	2,897,483	2,880,492	3,023,099	3,132,619
Share Issued	2,903,716	2,896,074	3,165,189	3,201,744
Net Debt	13,347,000	571,000
Total Debt	45,947,000	37,227,000	29,463,000	27,153,000
Tangible Book Value	8,666,000	27,327,000	30,074,000	21,255,000
Invested Capital	97,044,000	116,363,000	108,998,000	96,893,000
Working Capital	1,799,000	6,392,000	17,580,000	17,951,000
Net Tangible Assets	8,666,000	27,327,000	30,074,000	21,255,000
Capital Lease Obligations	2,454,000	2,556,000	2,158,000	2,259,000
Common Stock Equity	53,551,000	81,692,000	81,693,000	71,999,000
Total Capitalization	83,741,000	105,022,000	100,254,000	89,843,000
Total Equity Gross Minority Interest	54,001,000	82,115,000	82,120,000	72,382,000
Minority Interest	450,000	423,000	427,000	383,000
Stockholders Equity	53,551,000	81,692,000	81,693,000	71,999,000
Gains Losses Not Affecting Retained Earnings	532,000	4,624,000	3,170,000	6,107,000
Other Equity Adjustments	106,000	-359,000	-833,000	-169,000
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments	-2,489,000	2,048,000	1,042,000	2,966,000
Minimum Pension Liabilities	3,442,000	3,129,000	3,217,000	3,404,000
Unrealized Gain Loss	-527,000	-194,000	-256,000	-94,000
Treasury Stock	285,000	285,000	2,434,000	923,000
Retained Earnings	53,267,000	77,316,000	80,926,000	66,783,000
Capital Stock	37,000	37,000	31,000	32,000
Common Stock	37,000	37,000	31,000	32,000
Total Liabilities Net Minority Interest	141,152,000	125,492,000	120,008,000	113,774,000
Total Non Current Liabilities Net Minority Interest	62,413,000	50,306,000	46,068,000	46,949,000
Other Non Current Liabilities	635,000	243,000	197,000	527,000
Derivative Product Liabilities	27,000	57,000	299,000	224,000
Employee Benefits	4,795,000	5,441,000	4,911,000	5,891,000
Non Current Accrued Expenses	789,000	882,000	751,000	149,000
Tradeand Other Payables Non Current	3,007,000	3,271,000	5,221,000	5,642,000
Non Current Deferred Liabilities	2,738,000	6,524,000	6,944,000	6,587,000
Non Current Deferred Revenue	1,444,000	2,017,000	2,160,000	2,255,000
Non Current Deferred Taxes Liabilities	1,294,000	4,507,000	4,784,000	4,332,000
Long Term Debt And Capital Lease Obligation	31,826,000	25,028,000	20,001,000	19,469,000
Long Term Capital Lease Obligation	1,636,000	1,698,000	1,440,000	1,625,000
Long Term Debt	30,190,000	23,330,000	18,561,000	17,844,000
Long Term Provisions	18,596,000	8,860,000	7,744,000	8,460,000
Current Liabilities	78,739,000	75,186,000	73,940,000	66,825,000
Other Current Liabilities	3,339,000	3,932,000	3,699,000	3,116,000
Current Deferred Liabilities	744,000	713,000	915,000	1,059,000
Current Deferred Revenue	744,000	713,000	915,000	1,059,000
Current Debt And Capital Lease Obligation	14,121,000	12,199,000	9,462,000	7,684,000
Current Capital Lease Obligation	818,000	858,000	718,000	634,000
Current Debt	13,303,000	11,341,000	8,744,000	7,050,000
Other Current Borrowings	13,303,000	11,341,000	8,744,000	7,050,000
Pensionand Other Post Retirement Benefit Plans Current	517,000	583,000	562,000	545,000
Current Provisions	14,317,000	14,220,000	13,724,000	11,311,000
Payables And Accrued Expenses	45,701,000	43,539,000	45,578,000	43,110,000
Current Accrued Expenses	6,323,000	5,015,000	4,778,000	3,620,000
Payables	39,378,000	38,524,000	40,800,000	39,490,000
Other Payable	7,534,000	6,949,000	5,102,000	5,301,000
Total Tax Payable	1,845,000	1,891,000	2,690,000	2,463,000
Accounts Payable	29,999,000	29,684,000	33,008,000	31,726,000
Total Assets	195,153,000	207,607,000	202,128,000	186,156,000
Total Non Current Assets	114,615,000	126,029,000	110,608,000	101,380,000
Other Non Current Assets	902,000	584,000	1,685,000	1,780,000
Defined Pension Benefit	967,000	924,000	886,000	1,844,000
Non Current Prepaid Assets	395,000	455,000	622,000	310,000
Non Current Deferred Assets	6,383,000	4,371,000	2,152,000	2,052,000
Non Current Deferred Taxes Assets	6,383,000	4,371,000	2,152,000	2,052,000
Non Current Accounts Receivable	9,161,000	8,104,000	4,782,000	2,823,000
Financial Assets	316,000	327,000	74,000	307,000
Investments And Advances	8,648,000	11,888,000	11,101,000	5,315,000
Investmentin Financial Assets	1,372,000	2,788,000	3,031,000	481,000
Available For Sale Securities	469,000	1,466,000	2,120,000	114,000
Financial Assets Designatedas Fair Value Through Profitor Loss Total	903,000	1,322,000	911,000	367,000
Long Term Equity Investment	7,276,000	9,100,000	8,070,000	4,834,000
Investmentsin Joint Venturesat Cost	5,229,000	7,037,000	6,013,000	4,561,000
Investments In Other Ventures Under Equity Method	21,000	48,000	51,000	78,000
Investmentsin Associatesat Cost	2,026,000	2,015,000	2,006,000	195,000
Investmentsin Subsidiariesat Cost					90,000
Goodwill And Other Intangible Assets	44,885,000	54,365,000	51,619,000	50,744,000
Other Intangible Assets	30,876,000	39,021,000	36,446,000	35,237,000
Goodwill	14,009,000	15,344,000	15,173,000	15,507,000
Net PPE	42,958,000	45,011,000	37,687,000	36,205,000
Accumulated Depreciation	-48,084,000	-42,161,000	-38,590,000	-35,614,000
Gross PPE	91,042,000	87,172,000	76,277,000	71,819,000
Construction In Progress	4,266,000	6,111,000	5,542,000	3,663,000
Other Properties	18,728,000	14,001,000	8,445,000	6,656,000
Machinery Furniture Equipment	55,767,000	54,846,000	50,727,000	49,691,000
Buildings And Improvements	10,949,000	10,823,000	10,115,000	10,260,000
Land And Improvements	1,332,000	1,391,000	1,448,000	1,549,000
Current Assets	80,538,000	81,578,000	91,520,000	84,776,000
Other Current Assets	3,616,000	1,977,000	1,352,000	1,594,000
Hedging Assets Current	394,000	326,000	174,000	600,000
Assets Held For Sale Current	5,000	917,000	763,000	2,046,000
Restricted Cash	2,000	31,000	51,000	1,000
Prepaid Assets	1,236,000	1,866,000	1,309,000	1,303,000
Inventory	22,153,000	20,861,000	21,200,000	17,085,000
Other Inventories			214,000	275,000	198,000
Finished Goods	12,161,000	11,242,000	12,064,000	8,304,000
Work In Process	9,992,000	9,619,000	9,136,000	8,781,000
Receivables	21,809,000	18,517,000	18,263,000	11,874,000
Other Receivables	11,682,000	7,872,000	11,035,000	6,403,000
Taxes Receivable	4,465,000	5,139,000	802,000	543,000
Accounts Receivable	5,662,000	5,506,000	6,426,000	4,928,000
Allowance For Doubtful Accounts Receivable	-654,000	-608,000	-551,000	-562,000
Gross Accounts Receivable	6,316,000	6,114,000	6,977,000	5,490,000
Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments	31,323,000	37,083,000	48,408,000	50,273,000
Other Short Term Investments	1,177,000	2,983,000	4,739,000	3,840,000
Cash And Cash Equivalents	30,146,000	34,100,000	43,669,000	46,433,000
Cash Equivalents	20,012,000	24,692,000	34,688,000	36,597,000
Cash Financial	10,134,000	9,408,000	8,981,000	9,836,000

Cash Flow

	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021
Free Cash Flow	-13,792,000	-9,525,000	7,761,000	10,945,000
Repurchase Of Capital Stock	0	-3,000,000	-2,434,000	-923,000
Repayment Of Debt	-5,156,000	-8,471,000	-4,382,000
Issuance Of Debt	14,194,000	13,115,000	4,168,000
Issuance Of Capital Stock	49,000	104,000	92,000	40,000
Capital Expenditure	-9,142,000	-11,060,000	-10,193,000	-9,014,000
End Cash Position	30,146,000	34,100,000	43,669,000	46,433,000
Beginning Cash Position	34,100,000	43,669,000	46,433,000	49,629,000
Effect Of Exchange Rate Changes	-1,278,000	410,000	-836,000	608,000
Changes In Cash	-2,676,000	-9,979,000	-1,928,000	-3,804,000
Other Cash Adjustment Inside Changein Cash	297,000	-66,000	-166,000	-65,000
Financing Cash Flow	7,574,000	-1,343,000	-5,501,000	-13,167,000
Cash Flow From Continuing Financing Activities	7,574,000	-1,343,000	-5,501,000	-13,167,000
Net Other Financing Charges	-5,000	-15,000	-10,000	-2,051,000
Cash Dividends Paid	-1,959,000	-4,651,000	-4,208,000	-3,353,000
Common Stock Dividend Paid	-1,959,000	-4,651,000	-4,208,000	-3,353,000
Net Common Stock Issuance	49,000	-2,896,000	-2,342,000	-883,000
Common Stock Payments	0	-3,000,000	-2,434,000	-923,000
Common Stock Issuance	49,000	104,000	92,000	40,000
Net Issuance Payments Of Debt	9,489,000	6,219,000	1,059,000	-6,880,000
Net Short Term Debt Issuance	451,000	1,575,000	1,273,000	-400,000
Net Long Term Debt Issuance	9,038,000	4,644,000	-214,000	-6,480,000
Long Term Debt Payments	-5,156,000	-8,471,000	-4,382,000
Long Term Debt Issuance	14,194,000	13,115,000	4,168,000
Investing Cash Flow	-5,897,000	-10,105,000	-14,215,000	-10,531,000
Cash From Discontinued Investing Activities			0	0	-3,115,000
Cash Flow From Continuing Investing Activities	-5,897,000	-10,105,000	-14,215,000	-10,531,000
Net Other Investing Changes	100,000	-664,000	-441,000	-1,631,000
Net Investment Purchase And Sale	2,856,000	2,422,000	-2,754,000
Net Business Purchase And Sale	60,000	-1,391,000	-2,428,000	-431,000
Sale Of Business	485,000	261,000	1,457,000	235,000
Purchase Of Business	-425,000	-1,652,000	-3,885,000	-666,000
Net PPE Purchase And Sale	-8,913,000	-10,472,000	-8,592,000	-8,469,000
Sale Of PPE	229,000	588,000	1,601,000	545,000
Purchase Of PPE	-9,142,000	-11,060,000	-10,193,000	-9,014,000
Operating Cash Flow	-4,650,000	1,535,000	17,954,000	19,959,000
Cash Flow From Continuing Operating Activities	-4,650,000	1,535,000	17,954,000	19,959,000
Taxes Refund Paid	-204,000	-2,792,000	-2,649,000
Dividend Received Cfo	276,000	335,000	312,000	-47,000
Dividend Paid Cfo			-156,000	-47,000	-185,000
Change In Working Capital	1,077,000	-9,207,000	-9,733,000	-3,058,000
Change In Other Working Capital	11,042,000	722,000	1,179,000	852,000
Change In Other Current Assets	-5,379,000	-3,885,000	-1,747,000	-483,000
Change In Payables And Accrued Expense	3,483,000	-4,007,000	1,058,000	4,165,000
Change In Payable	3,483,000	-4,007,000	1,058,000	4,165,000
Change In Account Payable	3,483,000	-4,007,000	1,058,000	4,165,000
Change In Inventory	-2,537,000	632,000	-4,388,000	-5,606,000
Change In Receivables	-5,532,000	-2,669,000	-5,835,000	-1,986,000
Changes In Account Receivables	-5,532,000	-2,669,000	-5,835,000	-1,986,000
Other Non Cash Items	10,797,000	1,927,000	720,000	391,000
Provisionand Write Offof Assets					-1,152,000
Deferred Tax		-2,921,000	701,000	-711,000	-654,000
Deferred Income Tax		-2,921,000	701,000	-711,000	-654,000
Depreciation Amortization Depletion	6,981,000	7,226,000	7,549,000	6,797,000
Depreciation And Amortization	6,981,000	7,226,000	7,549,000	6,797,000
Operating Gains Losses	3,028,000	14,000	-663,000	-192,000
Earnings Losses From Equity Investments	1,271,000	46,000	-468,000
Net Income From Continuing Operations	-26,605,000	4,032,000	22,418,000	16,779,000

3/7

Graham Score

Speculative Investor

Fails most of Graham's safety criteria. Treat with caution.

Graham's Fair Value

N/A (negative EPS)

Margin of Safety

—

Market Cap / Net Assets

0.3x

Net Assets: $54.0B

Warren's Owner Earnings

-$6.2B

Latest fiscal year

Graham's 7 Criteria

Defensive Investor Checklist

3/7 — Speculative Investor

✅

Adequate Size

Graham required companies large enough to withstand economic downturns. This threshold ($1.5B) is inflation-adjusted from Graham's original $100M — virtually all S&P 500 companies pass this today.

$153.5B

vs > $1.5B revenue

❌

Strong Financial Condition

Current assets must be at least twice current liabilities. Note: highly profitable companies (Apple, Domino's) often run negative or low working capital deliberately — they collect cash fast and stretch payables. A failing score here is not always a warning sign.

1.02x

vs Current Ratio > 2.0x

❌

Earnings Stability

Graham required uninterrupted positive earnings. Any loss year is a red flag for defensive investors. Growth companies and cyclicals may show occasional losses during investment cycles or downturns without being fundamentally unsound.

1 loss years (4 yrs data)

vs No negative EPS years

❌

Dividend Record

Graham valued dividends as evidence of financial discipline and shareholder alignment. Many excellent modern businesses (Alphabet, Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway) pay no dividend, preferring to reinvest cash at high rates of return. Failing this criterion does not indicate a poor business — it may indicate a high-growth one.

No dividend

vs Uninterrupted dividends

❌

Earnings Growth

EPS grew from $5.31 to $1.84 over 2 years. Graham's 33% threshold was set over a 10-year period. Measured over fewer years (as here), the bar is proportionally lower. Share buybacks can also inflate EPS growth without reflecting underlying business improvement.

-65.3% EPS growth

vs > 33% EPS growth

✅

Moderate P/E Ratio

Graham's 15x P/E threshold was calibrated to 1960s market averages when interest rates were higher. Today's lower rate environment structurally supports higher multiples — the S&P 500 long-run average P/E is now closer to 20–25x. A stock trading at 20x is not automatically speculative in the modern context.

3.6x

vs P/E ≤ 15.0x

✅

Moderate Price-to-Book

Graham's 1.5x P/B threshold made sense when most company value was tangible. Today, intangible assets — brand, software, patents, network effects — rarely appear on the balance sheet. A high P/B in tech, pharma, or consumer brands often reflects intangible value, not overvaluation. P/FCF or EV/EBITDA are more reliable for asset-light businesses.

0.34x P/B (P/E×P/B: 1.2)

vs P/B ≤ 1.5x | P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5

These metrics estimate what Stellantis N.V. is worth based on fundamentals — independent of what the market prices it at. Graham's Fair Value and NCAV are conservative floors. EPV assumes zero growth. These are reference points, not price targets.

Net Current Asset Value

$-20.92

Negative NCAV — liabilities exceed current assets. Common in capital-return businesses (buybacks, debt-funded dividends) and capital-intensive industries. Not automatically a warning sign.

"Buy at two-thirds of net current assets." — Graham

Earnings Power Value

$-85.25

Per share, no-growth floor. Compare to current price.

ROIC — Return on Invested Capital

-15.1%

Return on Invested Capital — Buffett's preferred measure for asset-light businesses. ROIC > 15% consistently signals a durable competitive advantage (moat). More meaningful than P/B for software, pharma, and consumer brand companies where most value is intangible and off-balance-sheet.

Cash Flow Analysis

Metric	2025	2024	2023	2022	2021
Capital Expenditure % of Net Income	N/A	202.1%	54.8%	53.7%	N/A
Repurchase of Capital Stock	$0M	-$3.0B	-$2.4B	-$923M	N/A
Free Cash Flow	-$13.8B ▼	-$9.5B ▼	$7.8B ▼	$10.9B •	N/A •
Warren's Owner Earnings	-$6.2B	$23.8B	$36.3B	$32.6B	N/A

Peers & Industry Comparison

Auto Manufacturers — Auto-detected peers

Company	Price	Market Cap	P/E	Gross Margin	Net Margin	Revenue
STLA	$6.34	$18.4B	3.60	-1.4%	-14.6%	$153.5B
TSLA Tesla, Inc.	$400.49	$1,504.1B	367.4	19.1%	3.9%	$97.9B
F Ford Motor Company	$14.06	$56.0B	N/A	7.1%	-3.2%	$189.9B
GM General Motors Company	$79.29	$71.5B	28.9	11.1%	1.4%	$184.6B
TM Toyota Motor Corporation	$173.94	$206.0B	9.4	16.7%	7.6%	$50,685.0B

"The management of a business is its most important single factor — more important than market position, patents, or financial structure."

— Benjamin Graham

Capital Allocation & Alignment

Insider Ownership

23.67%

High — management has strong skin in the game

Return on Equity (ROE)

-41.8%

Weak — poor returns on equity

Return on Assets (ROA)

-11.5%

Poor — assets are not generating adequate returns

Debt Trend YoY

+23.4% YoY

Debt is growing — management is leveraging up

Leadership Team

John Jacob Philip Elkann

Executive Chairman of the Board

Age 49

Pay: $1,572,928

Antonio Filosa

CEO, COO of North America American brands & Executive Director

Age 52

Pay: $4,538,294

Joao Laranjo

Chief Financial Officer

Luca Napolitano

Brand Chief Executive Officer of Lancia and Chief Sales & Marketing Officer

Olivier Francois

Chief Marketing Officer, Head of new Marketing Off & CEO of Fiat & Abarth

Top Institutional Holders

Institution	% Owned	Shares
Bpifrance SA	6.10%	192,703,907
Vanguard Capital Management LLC	2.11%	66,837,023
Amundi	2.04%	64,567,567
Goldman Sachs Group Inc	1.97%	62,157,530
Citigroup Inc.	1.40%	44,178,405
Bank of Italy	1.18%	37,430,307
BNP Paribas Asset Management Holding S.A.	1.16%	36,522,232
UBS Group AG	1.03%	32,607,358

Risk Analysis

Beta (Market Risk)

0.97

Low volatility — more stable than the market

Short Interest

2.9% of float

Low short interest — market is not heavily bearish

Debt-to-Equity

0.79x

Conservative balance sheet — low financial risk

Current Ratio

1.03x

Adequate liquidity

52-Week Price Range

Low: $6.28 Current: $6.34 High: $12.22

Currently at 1% of 52-week range

Stellantis N.V.

Metric Explanations

Income Highlights

Balance Sheet Highlights

Cash Flow Highlights

Graham's Fair Value

Market Cap / Net Assets

Warren's Owner Earnings

Graham's 7 Criteria

Graham's 7 Criteria — Explained

Net Current Asset Value

Earnings Power Value

ROIC — Return on Invested Capital

Cash Flow Analysis

Peers & Industry Comparison

Capital Allocation & Alignment

Leadership Team

Top Institutional Holders

Risk Analysis