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The Travelers Companies, Inc.

NYSE · Financial Services
The Travelers Companies, Inc.
TRV · Insurance - Property & Casualty
$301.53
▼ -3.19 (-1.05%)
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Mr. Market is currently offering The Travelers Companies, Inc. at $301.53.
The business passes 5 of 6 of Graham's defensive criteria — adequate but not exceptional.
Overall Grade
C
Defensive
B
Enterprising
Profitability C
Net Income Margin 12.9%
Fin. Health B
Years to Pay Off Debt 1.5 yrs
Valuation F
Margin of Safety 2.4%
Price-to-Book 1.95x
Cash Flow A
Free Cash Flow $10.6B
5/6
Graham Score
Enterprising
Defensive — Graham's strict criteria (P/B, P/E, dividends, stability)  ·  Enterprising — Profitability & cash flow focused, accepts higher valuations for quality
Metric Explanations
What each dimension measures and where the thresholds come from.
Net Income Margin
Bottom-line profit as a percentage of revenue. The ≥20% target reflects Buffett's preference for highly profitable businesses. Financial engineering (buybacks, tax optimisation) can inflate this temporarily — look for consistency across multiple years rather than a single strong result.
Years to Pay Off Debt
Total Debt ÷ Net Income. Lower = stronger balance sheet. Important caveat: utilities, telecoms, REITs, and infrastructure companies carry large structural debt by design — their bond-like cash flows service it comfortably at ratios that would alarm Graham. Compare within sector.
Margin of Safety
How far below the Graham Number the stock trades. Graham required a 33% discount as a buffer against analytical error. However, the Graham Number itself assumes 1960s-era P/E and P/B norms — for modern asset-light businesses it often understates true intrinsic value, making 0% MoS appear misleadingly bad.
Price-to-Book
Market price vs book value per share. Rarely below 1.5x for quality businesses today. Intangible assets (brand, software, patents) don't appear on the balance sheet under accounting rules, making P/B artificially high for asset-light companies. Negative P/B indicates book equity has been reduced by buybacks — common in highly profitable capital-return businesses.
Free Cash Flow
Operating cash flow minus capital expenditures. Buffett's most important metric — cash a business actually generates for its owners after maintaining and growing its asset base. Consistently positive FCF is one of the strongest indicators of a durable, well-run business regardless of accounting profits.
Market Cap $64.1B
Enterprise Value $66.9B
P/E (TTM) 9.00
Dividend Yield 1.44%
Exchange NYSE
Gross Profit N/A
Operating Margin N/A
Net Margin 12.9%
Sector Financial Services
Industry Insurance - Property & Casualty
Employees 34000
Country United States
📖
Full Graham Analysis

Mr. Market is currently offering The Travelers Companies, Inc. at $301.53.

The business passes 5 of 6 of Graham's defensive criteria — adequate but not exceptional.

At $301.53, the stock trades below its Graham Number of $308.98 — suggesting a margin of safety exists.

Conclusion: This stock is better suited for Graham's Enterprising investor — one willing to devote time and skill to security selection.

About The Travelers Companies, Inc.

The Travelers Companies, Inc., through its subsidiaries, provides a range of commercial and personal property, and casualty insurance products and services to businesses, government units, associations, and individuals in the United States, Canada, and internationally. It operates through three segments: Business Insurance, Bond & Specialty Insurance, and Personal Insurance. The Business Insurance segment offers workers' compensation, commercial automobile and property, general liability, commercial multi-peril, employers' liability, public and product liability, professional indemnity, marine, aviation, commercial property and automobile, onshore and offshore energy, construction, terrorism, personal accident, and kidnap and ransom insurance products. This segment operates through select accounts, which serve small businesses; middle accounts that serve mid-sized businesses; national accounts, which serve large companies; and national property and others that serve large and mid-sized customers, commercial trucking industry, and agricultural businesses, as well as markets and distributes its products through brokers, wholesale agents, and program managers. The Bond & Specialty Insurance segment provides surety, fidelity, management and professional liability, and other property and casualty coverages and related risk management services through independent agencies and brokers. The Personal Insurance segment offers property and casualty insurance covering personal risks, primarily automobile and homeowners' insurance to individuals. The Travelers Companies, Inc. was founded in 1853 and is based in New York, New York.

Showing Key Metrics
Income Highlights
Metric 2025 2024 2023 2022
Gross Profit % N/A N/A N/A N/A
Operating Margin % N/A N/A N/A N/A
Net Income % 12.9% 10.8% 7.2% 7.7%
Diluted EPS 27.43 21.47 12.79 11.77
Balance Sheet Highlights
Metric 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Total Assets $143.7B $133.2B $126.0B $115.7B N/A
Total Debt $9.3B $8.0B $8.0B $7.3B N/A
Working Capital N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Years to Pay Debt 1.47 1.61 2.69 2.57 N/A
Cash Flow Highlights
Metric 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Free Cash Flow $10.6B $9.1B $7.7B $6.5B N/A
Owner Earnings N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
CapEx % of Net Income N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
These metrics estimate what The Travelers Companies, Inc. is worth based on its fundamentals — independent of what the market currently prices it at. Graham's Fair Value and NCAV are conservative floors rooted in 1930s–60s principles. EPV assumes zero growth. None are price targets — they are reference points for judging whether the current price offers a margin of safety.
Graham's Fair Value
$308.98
Margin of Safety
2.4%
Market Cap ÷ Company Value
1.27

P/B Ratio
1.95
Warren's Owner Earnings
N/A
Latest fiscal year
Graham's 7 Criteria
Defensive Investor Checklist
5/6 — Enterprising Investor
Adequate Size
$48.8B
vs > $1.5B revenue
Earnings Stability
No loss years (4 yrs data)
vs No negative EPS years
Dividend Record
1.44%
vs Uninterrupted dividends
Earnings Growth
+133.1% EPS growth
vs > 33% EPS growth
Moderate P/E Ratio
9.0x
vs P/E ≤ 15.0x
Moderate Price-to-Book
1.95x P/B (P/E×P/B: 17.5)
vs P/B ≤ 1.5x | P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5
Graham's 7 Criteria — Explained
What each criterion measures and why it may or may not apply to modern businesses.
✅ Adequate Size — $48.8B vs > $1.5B revenue
Graham required companies large enough to withstand economic downturns. This threshold ($1.5B) is inflation-adjusted from Graham's original $100M — virtually all S&P 500 companies pass this today.
"The minimum size of an enterprise should be not less than $100 million of annual sales."
✅ Earnings Stability — No loss years (4 yrs data) vs No negative EPS years
Graham required uninterrupted positive earnings. Any loss year is a red flag for defensive investors. Growth companies and cyclicals may show occasional losses during investment cycles or downturns without being fundamentally unsound.
"The company should have shown no deficit in the past ten years."
✅ Dividend Record — 1.44% vs Uninterrupted dividends
Graham valued dividends as evidence of financial discipline and shareholder alignment. Many excellent modern businesses (Alphabet, Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway) pay no dividend, preferring to reinvest cash at high rates of return. Failing this criterion does not indicate a poor business — it may indicate a high-growth one.
"Some current dividend payments — for at least the past 20 years."
✅ Earnings Growth — +133.1% EPS growth vs > 33% EPS growth
EPS grew from $11.77 to $27.43 over 3 years. Graham's 33% threshold was set over a 10-year period. Measured over fewer years (as here), the bar is proportionally lower. Share buybacks can also inflate EPS growth without reflecting underlying business improvement.
"A minimum increase of at least one-third in per-share earnings over ten years."
✅ Moderate P/E Ratio — 9.0x vs P/E ≤ 15.0x
Graham's 15x P/E threshold was calibrated to 1960s market averages when interest rates were higher. Today's lower rate environment structurally supports higher multiples — the S&P 500 long-run average P/E is now closer to 20–25x. A stock trading at 20x is not automatically speculative in the modern context.
"The price-earnings ratio should be no more than 15 times average earnings."
❌ Moderate Price-to-Book — 1.95x P/B (P/E×P/B: 17.5) vs P/B ≤ 1.5x | P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5
Graham's 1.5x P/B threshold made sense when most company value was tangible. Today, intangible assets — brand, software, patents, network effects — rarely appear on the balance sheet. A high P/B in tech, pharma, or consumer brands often reflects intangible value, not overvaluation. P/FCF or EV/EBITDA are more reliable for asset-light businesses.
"The price should not be more than 1½ times book value. P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5."
Net Current Asset Value
N/A
"Buy at two-thirds of net current assets." — Graham
Earnings Power Value
N/A
Per share, no-growth floor. Compare to current price.
Cash Flow Analysis
Metric 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Capital Expenditure % of Net Income N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Repurchase of Capital Stock -$3.1B -$1.1B -$1.0B -$2.1B N/A
Free Cash Flow $10.6B $9.1B $7.7B $6.5B N/A
Warren's Owner Earnings N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Peers & Industry
No auto-detected peers for Insurance - Property & Casualty. You can manually compare TRV against any stock using the Compare tool.
"The management of a business is its most important single factor — more important than market position, patents, or financial structure."
— Benjamin Graham
Capital Allocation & Alignment
Insider Ownership
0.27%
Low — management has little skin in the game
Return on Equity (ROE)
19.1%
Excellent — management generates strong returns on equity
Return on Assets (ROA)
4.4%
Fair — average asset utilization
Share Buybacks (Latest Year)
$3.1B
Management is returning capital to shareholders via buybacks
Debt Trend YoY
+15.4% YoY
Debt is growing — management is leveraging up
Leadership Team
Alan David Schnitzer
Chairman & CEO
Age 59
Pay: $10,593,146
0.168% of net income
Daniel Stephen Frey CPA
Executive VP & CFO
Age 60
Pay: $4,145,239
0.066% of net income
Avrohom Kess
Vice Chairman & Chief Legal Officer
Age 56
Pay: $5,287,308
0.084% of net income
Michael Frederick Klein
Executive VP & President of Personal Insurance
Age 57
Pay: $4,481,203
0.071% of net income
Gregory Cheshire Toczydlowski
Executive VP & President of Business Insurance
Age 58
Pay: $5,073,751
0.081% of net income
Top Institutional Holders
Institution % Owned Shares
Blackrock Inc. 10.49% 22,304,411
Vanguard Group Inc 10.40% 22,109,933
State Street Corporation 7.52% 16,000,457
FMR, LLC 6.04% 12,834,811
JPMORGAN CHASE & CO 3.37% 7,168,621
Geode Capital Management, LLC 2.63% 5,590,511
Massachusetts Financial Services Co. 2.44% 5,188,555
Morgan Stanley 1.78% 3,793,750
⚠️ Current ratio below 1 — liquidity risk
Risk Analysis
Beta (Market Risk)
0.51
Low volatility — more stable than the market
Short Interest
2.1% of float
Low short interest — market is not heavily bearish
Debt-to-Equity
0.29x
Conservative balance sheet — low financial risk
Current Ratio
0.34x
Weak liquidity — current liabilities exceed current assets
52-Week Price Range
Low: $249.19 Current: $301.53 High: $313.12
Currently at 82% of 52-week range

The Travelers Companies, Inc. (TRV) fundamental analysis — Overall grade C based on profitability, financial health, valuation and cash flow. Graham's Fair Value: $308.98. Margin of safety: 2.4%. Gross profit margin: N/A. Operating margin: N/A. Net margin: 12.9%. Market cap: $64.1B. Sector: Financial Services. Industry: Insurance - Property & Casualty. Analysis powered by 360investing — free fundamental stock analysis based on Benjamin Graham and Warren Buffett principles.

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