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Zscaler, Inc.

NASDAQ · Technology
Zscaler, Inc.
ZS · Software - Infrastructure
$142.20
▲ 2.39 (1.71%)
Data cached · refreshes every 10 min
Insufficient data to generate a complete Graham analysis.
Overall Grade
D
Defensive
C
Enterprising
Profitability F
Gross Profit Margin 76.9%
Operating Margin -4.8%
Net Income Margin -1.6%
Fin. Health C
Years to Pay Off Debt -43.3 yrs
Working Capital vs Long-Term Debt $764M
Working Capital $2.5B
Valuation F
Price-to-Book 12.71x
Cash Flow A
Free Cash Flow $727M
Owner Earnings $325M
2/6
Graham Score
Speculative
Defensive — Graham's strict criteria (P/B, P/E, dividends, stability)  ·  Enterprising — Profitability & cash flow focused, accepts higher valuations for quality
Metric Explanations
What each dimension measures and where the thresholds come from.
Gross Profit Margin
Revenue minus cost of goods sold. Graham's ≥40% threshold identifies businesses with durable pricing power. Note: software and financial companies naturally exceed this; retailers and manufacturers rarely reach it due to their cost structures.
Operating Margin
Profit after operating costs before interest and taxes. A consistent ≥15% operating margin signals a business with real competitive advantages. Capital-intensive industries (airlines, auto, commodities) rarely hit this threshold due to their structural cost base — compare within industry for context.
Net Income Margin
Bottom-line profit as a percentage of revenue. The ≥20% target reflects Buffett's preference for highly profitable businesses. Financial engineering (buybacks, tax optimisation) can inflate this temporarily — look for consistency across multiple years rather than a single strong result.
Years to Pay Off Debt
Total Debt ÷ Net Income. Lower = stronger balance sheet. Important caveat: utilities, telecoms, REITs, and infrastructure companies carry large structural debt by design — their bond-like cash flows service it comfortably at ratios that would alarm Graham. Compare within sector.
Working Capital vs Long-Term Debt
Working Capital minus Long-Term Debt. Negative results are common and expected in capital-return-focused businesses like Apple, Domino's, and McDonald's — where aggressive buybacks and dividends intentionally reduce book equity. This does not indicate financial distress in high-FCF businesses.
Working Capital
Current Assets minus Current Liabilities. Negative working capital can be a deliberate efficiency strategy in businesses that collect cash before paying suppliers (retailers, fast food franchises, subscription businesses). Assess alongside free cash flow generation for full context.
Price-to-Book
Market price vs book value per share. Rarely below 1.5x for quality businesses today. Intangible assets (brand, software, patents) don't appear on the balance sheet under accounting rules, making P/B artificially high for asset-light companies. Negative P/B indicates book equity has been reduced by buybacks — common in highly profitable capital-return businesses.
Free Cash Flow
Operating cash flow minus capital expenditures. Buffett's most important metric — cash a business actually generates for its owners after maintaining and growing its asset base. Consistently positive FCF is one of the strongest indicators of a durable, well-run business regardless of accounting profits.
Owner Earnings
Net Income + Depreciation & Amortisation − Capital Expenditures. Buffett's preferred measure of a company's true annual earning power — what could theoretically be distributed to owners without impairing the business. More reliable than reported EPS because it accounts for the capital cost of maintaining the business.
Market Data
Market Cap $22.9B
Enterprise Value $20.8B
P/E (TTM) 31.00
Dividend Yield N/A
Exchange NASDAQ
Key Margins
Gross Profit 76.9%
Operating Margin -4.8%
Net Margin -1.6%
Company Info
Sector Technology
Industry Software - Infrastructure
Employees 7923
Country United States
Visit website
About Zscaler, Inc.

Zscaler, Inc. operates as a cloud security company worldwide. The company offers cyberthreat protection products, including Zscaler Internet Access, which provides threat protection, cloud sandbox, and cloud browser isolation; Zscaler Private Access solution that includes cyberthreat and data protection, application discovery, secure application access, application segmentation, application protection, reduced attack surface, and browser isolation; Zero Trust Firewall; Cloud Sandbox; and Zero Trust Browser. It also provides data security products, such as web and email DLP, endpoint DLP, BYOD security, multi-mode CASB, unified SaaS security, DSPM, AI-SPM, public gen AI security, and Microsoft Copilot data protection; Zero Trust Cloud solution. In addition, the company offers Zero Trust Branch comprising Zero Trust SD-WAN; IoT/OT segmentation; privileged remote access; Zscaler Cellular; and Zscaler Digital Experience that measures end-to-end user experience across business applications, as well as provides an easy-to-understand digital experience score for each user, application, and location within an enterprise. Further, it provides security operations products, including data fabric for security; asset exposure management; Risk360; unified vulnerability management; deception; managed detection and response; and managed threat hunting. Additionally, the company offers Zero Trust Gateway, a fully managed Zscaler service. It serves the automotive, airlines and transportation, conglomerates, consumer goods and retail, energy, financial services, healthcare, insurance, manufacturing, media and communications, public sector and education, technology, and telecommunications services industries. The company was formerly known as SafeChannel, Inc., and changed its name to Zscaler, Inc. in August 2008. Zscaler, Inc. was incorporated in 2007 and is headquartered in San Jose, California.

Showing Key Metrics
Income Highlights
Metric 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Gross Profit % 76.9% ▼ 78.0% 77.6% 77.8% N/A
Operating Margin % -4.8% ▲ -5.6% -14.5% -30.0% N/A
Net Income % -1.6% ▲ -2.7% -12.5% -35.8% N/A
Diluted EPS -0.27 ▲ -0.39 -1.40 -2.77 N/A
Balance Sheet Highlights
Metric 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Total Assets $6.4B $4.7B $3.6B $2.8B N/A
Total Debt $1.8B ↑ $1.2B $1.2B $1.0B N/A
Working Capital $2.5B ▲ $284M $1.4B $1.1B N/A
Years to Pay Debt -43.31 -21.45 -5.98 -2.68 N/A
Cash Flow Highlights
Metric 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Free Cash Flow $727M ▲ $585M $334M $231M N/A
Owner Earnings $325M $218M -$7M -$250M N/A
CapEx % of Net Income N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
These metrics estimate what Zscaler, Inc. is worth based on its fundamentals — independent of what the market currently prices it at. Graham's Fair Value and NCAV are conservative floors rooted in 1930s–60s principles. EPV assumes zero growth. None are price targets — they are reference points for judging whether the current price offers a margin of safety.
Graham's Fair Value
N/A (negative EPS)
Margin of Safety
—
Market Cap ÷ Company Value
1.95
P/B Ratio
12.71
Warren's Owner Earnings
$325M
Latest fiscal year
Graham's 7 Criteria
Defensive Investor Checklist
2/6 — Speculative Investor
✅ Adequate Size
$2.7B
vs > $1.5B revenue
✅ Strong Financial Condition
2.01x
vs Current Ratio > 2.0x
❌ Earnings Stability
4 loss years (4 yrs data)
vs No negative EPS years
❌ Dividend Record
No dividend
vs Uninterrupted dividends
❌ Moderate P/E Ratio
31.0x
vs P/E ≤ 15.0x
❌ Moderate Price-to-Book
12.71x P/B (P/E×P/B: 393.9)
vs P/B ≤ 1.5x | P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5
Graham's 7 Criteria — Explained
What each criterion measures and why it may or may not apply to modern businesses.
✅ Adequate Size — $2.7B vs > $1.5B revenue
Graham required companies large enough to withstand economic downturns. This threshold ($1.5B) is inflation-adjusted from Graham's original $100M — virtually all S&P 500 companies pass this today.
"The minimum size of an enterprise should be not less than $100 million of annual sales."
✅ Strong Financial Condition — 2.01x vs Current Ratio > 2.0x
Current assets must be at least twice current liabilities. Note: highly profitable companies (Apple, Domino's) often run negative or low working capital deliberately — they collect cash fast and stretch payables. A failing score here is not always a warning sign.
"For industrial companies, current assets should be at least twice current liabilities."
❌ Earnings Stability — 4 loss years (4 yrs data) vs No negative EPS years
Graham required uninterrupted positive earnings. Any loss year is a red flag for defensive investors. Growth companies and cyclicals may show occasional losses during investment cycles or downturns without being fundamentally unsound.
"The company should have shown no deficit in the past ten years."
❌ Dividend Record — No dividend vs Uninterrupted dividends
Graham valued dividends as evidence of financial discipline and shareholder alignment. Many excellent modern businesses (Alphabet, Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway) pay no dividend, preferring to reinvest cash at high rates of return. Failing this criterion does not indicate a poor business — it may indicate a high-growth one.
"Some current dividend payments — for at least the past 20 years."
❌ Moderate P/E Ratio — 31.0x vs P/E ≤ 15.0x
Graham's 15x P/E threshold was calibrated to 1960s market averages when interest rates were higher. Today's lower rate environment structurally supports higher multiples — the S&P 500 long-run average P/E is now closer to 20–25x. A stock trading at 20x is not automatically speculative in the modern context.
"The price-earnings ratio should be no more than 15 times average earnings."
❌ Moderate Price-to-Book — 12.71x P/B (P/E×P/B: 393.9) vs P/B ≤ 1.5x | P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5
Graham's 1.5x P/B threshold made sense when most company value was tangible. Today, intangible assets — brand, software, patents, network effects — rarely appear on the balance sheet. A high P/B in tech, pharma, or consumer brands often reflects intangible value, not overvaluation. P/FCF or EV/EBITDA are more reliable for asset-light businesses.
"The price should not be more than 1½ times book value. P/E × P/B ≤ 22.5."
Net Current Asset Value
$1.70
Trading at 83.5x NCAV. Expected for most quality businesses — NCAV was designed to find depression-era bargains and rarely applies to modern profitable companies.
"Buy at two-thirds of net current assets." — Graham
Earnings Power Value
$-8.79
Per share, no-growth floor. Compare to current price.
Cash Flow Analysis
Metric 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021
Capital Expenditure % of Net Income N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Repurchase of Capital Stock N/A N/A N/A N/A $0M
Free Cash Flow $727M ▲ $585M ▲ $334M ▲ $231M • N/A •
Warren's Owner Earnings $325M $218M -$7M -$250M N/A
Peers & Industry
No auto-detected peers for Software - Infrastructure. You can manually compare ZS against any stock using the Compare tool.
"The management of a business is its most important single factor — more important than market position, patents, or financial structure."
— Benjamin Graham
Capital Allocation & Alignment
Insider Ownership
35.19%
High — management has strong skin in the game
Return on Equity (ROE)
-2.3%
Weak — poor returns on equity
Return on Assets (ROA)
-0.6%
Poor — assets are not generating adequate returns
Debt Trend YoY
+45.1% YoY
Debt is growing — management is leveraging up
Leadership Team
Jagtar Singh Chaudhry
Co-Founder, CEO & Chairman of the Board
Age 66
Pay: $29,753
Mike Rich
Chief Revenue Officer & President of Global Sales
Age 58
Pay: $944,231
Kevin Rubin
Chief Financial Officer
Age 50
Pay: $609,760
Kailash
Founder & Chief Architect
Ashwin Kesireddy
Vice President of Investor Relations & Strategic Finance
Top Institutional Holders
Institution % Owned Shares
Vanguard Group Inc 7.10% 11,423,424
Blackrock Inc. 4.87% 7,830,756
FMR, LLC 2.82% 4,529,502
First Trust Advisors LP 1.61% 2,582,897
Price (T.Rowe) Associates Inc 1.60% 2,572,358
Goldman Sachs Group Inc 1.50% 2,412,416
American Century Companies Inc 1.49% 2,401,772
State Street Corporation 1.45% 2,337,604
Risk Analysis
Beta (Market Risk)
0.96
Low volatility — more stable than the market
Short Interest
10.1% of float
Moderate short interest
Debt-to-Equity
0.85x
Conservative balance sheet — low financial risk
Current Ratio
1.90x
Adequate liquidity
52-Week Price Range
Low: $114.62 Current: $142.20 High: $336.99
Currently at 12% of 52-week range

Zscaler, Inc. (ZS) fundamental analysis — Overall grade D based on profitability, financial health, valuation and cash flow. Graham's Fair Value: N/A (negative EPS). Gross profit margin: 76.9%. Operating margin: -4.8%. Net margin: -1.6%. Market cap: $22.9B. Sector: Technology. Industry: Software - Infrastructure. Analysis powered by 360investing — free fundamental stock analysis based on Benjamin Graham and Warren Buffett principles.

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