Revenue minus cost of goods sold. Graham's ≥40% threshold identifies businesses with durable pricing power. Note: software and financial companies naturally exceed this; retailers and manufacturers rarely reach it due to their cost structures.
Operating Margin19.1%
Profit after operating costs before interest and taxes. A consistent ≥15% operating margin signals a business with real competitive advantages. Capital-intensive industries (airlines, auto, commodities) rarely hit this threshold due to their structural cost base — compare within industry for context.
Net Income Margin18.2%
Bottom-line profit as a percentage of revenue. The ≥20% target reflects Buffett's preference for highly profitable businesses. Financial engineering (buybacks, tax optimisation) can inflate this temporarily — look for consistency across multiple years rather than a single strong result.
Financial Health
D
Years to Pay Off Debt15.6 yrs
Total Debt ÷ Net Income. Lower = stronger balance sheet. Important caveat: utilities, telecoms, REITs, and infrastructure companies carry large structural debt by design — their bond-like cash flows service it comfortably at ratios that would alarm Graham. Compare within sector.
Working Capital vs Long-Term Debt-$14.4B
Working Capital minus Long-Term Debt. Negative results are common and expected in capital-return-focused businesses like Apple, Domino's, and McDonald's — where aggressive buybacks and dividends intentionally reduce book equity. This does not indicate financial distress in high-FCF businesses.
Working Capital$5.1B
Current Assets minus Current Liabilities. Negative working capital can be a deliberate efficiency strategy in businesses that collect cash before paying suppliers (retailers, fast food franchises, subscription businesses). Assess alongside free cash flow generation for full context.
Valuation
N/A
Cash Flow
C
Free Cash Flow$2.0B
Operating cash flow minus capital expenditures. Buffett's most important metric — cash a business actually generates for its owners after maintaining and growing its asset base. Consistently positive FCF is one of the strongest indicators of a durable, well-run business regardless of accounting profits.
CapEx % of Net Income44.1%
Capital expenditure as a share of net income. Low CapEx signals a capital-light business that doesn't need heavy reinvestment to sustain earnings — Buffett's ideal. High CapEx is structurally necessary in manufacturing, airlines, telecoms, and semiconductors. For these industries, a high reading reflects the business model, not poor management.
Owner Earnings$3.4B
Net Income + Depreciation & Amortisation − Capital Expenditures. Buffett's preferred measure of a company's true annual earning power — what could theoretically be distributed to owners without impairing the business. More reliable than reported EPS because it accounts for the capital cost of maintaining the business.
Metric Explanations
What each dimension measures and where the thresholds come from.
Gross Profit Margin
Revenue minus cost of goods sold. Graham's ≥40% threshold identifies businesses with durable pricing power. Note: software and financial companies naturally exceed this; retailers and manufacturers rarely reach it due to their cost structures.
Operating Margin
Profit after operating costs before interest and taxes. A consistent ≥15% operating margin signals a business with real competitive advantages. Capital-intensive industries (airlines, auto, commodities) rarely hit this threshold due to their structural cost base — compare within industry for context.
Net Income Margin
Bottom-line profit as a percentage of revenue. The ≥20% target reflects Buffett's preference for highly profitable businesses. Financial engineering (buybacks, tax optimisation) can inflate this temporarily — look for consistency across multiple years rather than a single strong result.
Years to Pay Off Debt
Total Debt ÷ Net Income. Lower = stronger balance sheet. Important caveat: utilities, telecoms, REITs, and infrastructure companies carry large structural debt by design — their bond-like cash flows service it comfortably at ratios that would alarm Graham. Compare within sector.
Working Capital vs Long-Term Debt
Working Capital minus Long-Term Debt. Negative results are common and expected in capital-return-focused businesses like Apple, Domino's, and McDonald's — where aggressive buybacks and dividends intentionally reduce book equity. This does not indicate financial distress in high-FCF businesses.
Working Capital
Current Assets minus Current Liabilities. Negative working capital can be a deliberate efficiency strategy in businesses that collect cash before paying suppliers (retailers, fast food franchises, subscription businesses). Assess alongside free cash flow generation for full context.
Free Cash Flow
Operating cash flow minus capital expenditures. Buffett's most important metric — cash a business actually generates for its owners after maintaining and growing its asset base. Consistently positive FCF is one of the strongest indicators of a durable, well-run business regardless of accounting profits.
CapEx % of Net Income
Capital expenditure as a share of net income. Low CapEx signals a capital-light business that doesn't need heavy reinvestment to sustain earnings — Buffett's ideal. High CapEx is structurally necessary in manufacturing, airlines, telecoms, and semiconductors. For these industries, a high reading reflects the business model, not poor management.
Owner Earnings
Net Income + Depreciation & Amortisation − Capital Expenditures. Buffett's preferred measure of a company's true annual earning power — what could theoretically be distributed to owners without impairing the business. More reliable than reported EPS because it accounts for the capital cost of maintaining the business.
Market Data
Key Margins
Gross Profit72.6%
Operating Margin19.1%
Net Margin18.2%
Company Info
Showing Key Metrics
Income Highlights
Metric
2025
2024
2023
2022
Gross Profit %
72.6%▼
73.7%▲
72.0%▲
57.9%
Operating Margin %
19.1%▼
22.0%▲
19.7%▲
18.6%
Net Income %
18.2%▼
20.3%▲
13.4%▲
1.2%
Diluted EPS
5.78▼
6.16▲
3.77▲
0.40
Balance Sheet Highlights
Metric
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
Total Assets
$53.3B
$46.9B
$50.6B
$44.8B
N/A
Total Debt
$21.9B▲
$16.7B▼
$17.4B▲
$14.3B•
N/A
Working Capital
$5.1B▲
-$221M▼
-$52M▲
-$585M•
N/A
Years to Pay Debt
15.62
10.61
17.62
128.13
N/A
Cash Flow Highlights
Metric
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
Free Cash Flow
$2.0B▼
$2.4B▲
$1.9B▲
$1.6B•
N/A
Owner Earnings
$3.4B
$4.1B
$3.4B
$2.4B
N/A
CapEx % of Net Income
44.1%
43.0%
66.7%
552.2%
N/A
Income Statement
2025
2024
2023
2022
Tax Effect Of Unusual Items
56,552
43,155
-32,682
-216,755
Tax Rate For Calcs
0
0
0
0
Normalized EBITDA
3,042,381
3,722,389
3,340,016
3,368,379
Total Unusual Items
282,758
273,134
-136,744
-1,032,169
Total Unusual Items Excluding Goodwill
282,758
273,134
-136,744
-1,032,169
Net Income From Continuing Operation Net Minority Interest
1,072,736
1,285,195
620,007
111,493
Reconciled Depreciation
1,415,377
1,862,331
1,776,692
1,662,455
Reconciled Cost Of Revenue
2,113,381
2,033,471
2,068,295
3,778,617
EBITDA
3,325,139
3,995,523
3,203,272
2,336,210
EBIT
1,909,762
2,133,192
1,426,580
673,755
Net Interest Income
-494,505
-444,184
-533,952
-415,829
Interest Expense
649,643
602,876
644,918
449,433
Interest Income
155,138
158,692
110,966
33,604
Normalized Income
846,530
1,055,216
724,069
926,907
Net Income From Continuing And Discontinued Operation
1,400,107
1,570,365
986,233
111,493
Total Expenses
6,234,012
6,034,604
5,927,426
7,303,195
Total Operating Income As Reported
1,754,624
1,974,500
1,315,614
640,151
Diluted Average Shares
241,815
254,845
261,698
275,576
Basic Average Shares
241,815
254,291
261,126
275,191
Diluted EPS
0
0
0
0
Basic EPS
0
0
0
0
Diluted NI Availto Com Stockholders
1,400,107
1,570,365
986,233
111,493
Net Income Common Stockholders
1,400,107
1,570,365
986,233
111,493
Net Income
1,400,107
1,570,365
986,233
111,493
Minority Interests
-55,940
-73,788
-42,590
-31,820
Net Income Including Noncontrolling Interests
1,456,047
1,644,153
1,028,823
143,313
Net Income Discontinuous Operations
327,371
285,170
366,226
Net Income Continuous Operations
1,128,676
1,358,983
662,597
143,313
Earnings From Equity Interest Net Of Tax
120,114
70,180
67,452
85,685
Tax Provision
251,557
241,513
186,517
166,694
Pretax Income
1,260,119
1,530,316
781,662
224,322
Other Income Expense
282,758
273,134
-136,744
-1,032,169
Special Income Charges
282,758
273,134
-136,744
-1,032,169
Gain On Sale Of Business
315,976
273,134
-136,744
-199,094
Impairment Of Capital Assets
33,218
0
0
833,075
Net Non Operating Interest Income Expense
-494,505
-444,184
-533,952
-415,829
Interest Expense Non Operating
649,643
602,876
644,918
449,433
Interest Income Non Operating
155,138
158,692
110,966
33,604
Operating Income
1,471,866
1,701,366
1,452,358
1,672,320
Operating Expense
4,120,631
4,001,133
3,859,131
3,524,578
Selling General And Administration
4,120,631
4,001,133
3,859,131
3,524,578
Gross Profit
5,592,497
5,702,499
5,311,489
5,196,898
Cost Of Revenue
2,113,381
2,033,471
2,068,295
3,778,617
Total Revenue
7,705,878
7,735,970
7,379,784
8,975,515
Operating Revenue
7,705,878
7,735,970
7,379,784
8,975,515
Balance Sheet
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
Ordinary Shares Number
236,693
248,709
260,383
263,082
Share Issued
236,693
248,709
260,383
263,082
Net Debt
13,470,909
14,244,717
15,205,239
12,208,123
Total Debt
21,865,376
16,661,007
17,375,822
14,285,897
Tangible Book Value
1,580,916
638,940
-13,912,359
-10,675,604
Invested Capital
44,696,078
38,881,873
40,293,336
36,509,195
Working Capital
5,145,827
-221,482
-51,970
-584,543
Net Tangible Assets
1,580,916
638,940
-13,912,359
-10,675,604
Capital Lease Obligations
58,065
59,820
81,696
80,208
Common Stock Equity
22,888,767
22,280,686
22,999,210
22,303,506
Total Capitalization
42,430,279
37,360,139
38,691,507
34,592,754
Total Equity Gross Minority Interest
23,779,481
23,016,567
23,787,515
22,540,210
Minority Interest
890,714
735,881
788,305
236,704
Stockholders Equity
22,888,767
22,280,686
22,999,210
22,303,506
Gains Losses Not Affecting Retained Earnings
-126,207
-612,992
-258,925
-405,969
Other Equity Adjustments
-126,207
-612,992
-258,925
-405,969
Retained Earnings
5,936,322
4,774,736
3,457,182
2,731,380
Additional Paid In Capital
17,078,652
18,118,942
19,800,953
19,978,095
Total Liabilities Net Minority Interest
29,559,003
23,873,688
26,782,671
22,268,804
Total Non Current Liabilities Net Minority Interest
22,102,159
17,620,974
18,656,942
15,370,113
Other Non Current Liabilities
522,121
550,445
722,540
647,975
Liabilities Heldfor Sale Non Current
433,022
406,655
0
4,478
Non Current Deferred Liabilities
1,605,504
1,584,421
2,242,105
2,428,412
Non Current Deferred Taxes Liabilities
1,605,504
1,584,421
2,242,105
2,428,412
Long Term Debt And Capital Lease Obligation
19,541,512
15,079,453
15,692,297
12,289,248
Long Term Debt
19,541,512
15,079,453
15,692,297
12,289,248
Current Liabilities
7,456,844
6,252,714
8,125,729
6,898,691
Other Current Liabilities
2,530,909
1,894,679
3,698,921
2,539,690
Current Deferred Liabilities
797,657
1,141,337
1,046,866
994,481
Current Deferred Revenue
797,657
1,141,337
1,046,866
994,481
Current Debt And Capital Lease Obligation
2,323,864
1,581,554
1,683,525
1,996,649
Current Capital Lease Obligation
58,065
59,820
81,696
80,208
Current Debt
2,265,799
1,521,734
1,601,829
1,916,441
Other Current Borrowings
1,920,792
1,018,327
620,585
1,169,330
Line Of Credit
345,007
503,407
981,244
747,111
Pensionand Other Post Retirement Benefit Plans Current
224,727
228,209
276,441
209,630
Payables And Accrued Expenses
1,579,687
1,406,935
1,419,976
1,158,241
Current Accrued Expenses
1,111,121
886,465
930,113
824,658
Interest Payable
204,319
171,220
166,039
128,308
Payables
468,566
520,470
489,863
333,583
Total Tax Payable
190,475
266,178
199,426
104,147
Income Tax Payable
117,509
207,554
139,825
61,949
Accounts Payable
278,091
254,292
290,437
229,436
Total Assets
53,338,484
46,890,255
50,570,186
44,809,014
Total Non Current Assets
40,735,813
40,859,023
42,496,427
38,494,866
Other Non Current Assets
16,937,959
16,925,326
2,570,018
3,639,040
Non Current Deferred Assets
171,430
98,386
111,712
37,907
Non Current Deferred Taxes Assets
171,430
98,386
111,712
37,907
Non Current Note Receivables
816,810
772,297
713,123
0
Goodwill And Other Intangible Assets
21,307,851
21,641,746
36,911,569
32,979,110
Other Intangible Assets
4,231,227
4,614,172
10,168,046
9,658,374
Goodwill
17,076,624
17,027,574
26,743,523
23,320,736
Net PPE
1,501,763
1,421,268
2,190,005
1,838,809
Accumulated Depreciation
-2,007,954
-1,637,170
-1,800,382
-1,367,860
Gross PPE
3,509,717
3,058,438
3,990,387
3,206,669
Leases
88,942
92,707
120,964
117,275
Construction In Progress
381,575
398,176
654,809
502,003
Other Properties
1,025,580
846,968
969,164
776,203
Machinery Furniture Equipment
1,985,716
1,698,070
2,041,914
1,611,768
Buildings And Improvements
24,787
21,304
191,715
189,586
Land And Improvements
3,117
1,213
11,821
9,834
Current Assets
12,602,671
6,031,232
8,073,759
6,314,148
Other Current Assets
2,278,561
2,149,473
4,864,794
3,179,435
Assets Held For Sale Current
1,203,534
737,602
6,451
138,815
Prepaid Assets
641,891
Receivables
784,174
787,687
1,120,078
998,332
Accounts Receivable
784,174
787,687
1,120,078
998,332
Allowance For Doubtful Accounts Receivable
-50,200
-24,000
-19,000
-21,000
Gross Accounts Receivable
834,374
811,687
1,139,078
1,019,332
Cash Cash Equivalents And Short Term Investments
8,336,402
2,356,470
2,088,887
1,997,566
Cash And Cash Equivalents
8,336,402
2,356,470
2,088,887
1,997,566
Cash Flow
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
Free Cash Flow
2,038,823
2,382,666
1,891,663
1,628,388
Repurchase Of Capital Stock
-1,230,655
-1,608,179
-459,497
-2,959,908
Repayment Of Debt
-7,207,564
-8,334,846
-9,099,938
-7,895,131
Issuance Of Debt
12,300,948
9,635,049
10,336,850
9,812,289
Capital Expenditure
-617,769
-674,917
-658,142
-615,652
Interest Paid Supplemental Data
575,185
618,865
603,486
350,075
Income Tax Paid Supplemental Data
786,267
523,263
640,784
431,148
End Cash Position
9,116,414
2,735,975
2,256,875
2,215,606
Beginning Cash Position
2,735,975
2,256,875
2,215,606
2,123,023
Effect Of Exchange Rate Changes
221,626
-112,834
12,519
-99,219
Changes In Cash
6,158,813
591,934
28,750
191,802
Financing Cash Flow
3,732,518
-2,291,758
1,840,057
-1,376,701
Cash Flow From Continuing Financing Activities
3,732,518
-2,291,758
1,840,057
-1,376,701
Net Other Financing Charges
279,411
36,592
-325,813
-389,767
Proceeds From Stock Option Exercised
30,773
43,009
60,345
44,127
Cash Dividends Paid
-238,521
-252,811
-260,431
-273,955
Common Stock Dividend Paid
-238,521
-252,811
-260,431
-273,955
Net Common Stock Issuance
-1,230,655
-1,608,179
-459,497
-2,959,908
Common Stock Payments
-1,230,655
-1,608,179
-459,497
-2,959,908
Net Issuance Payments Of Debt
4,891,510
-510,369
2,825,453
2,202,802
Net Short Term Debt Issuance
-201,874
-1,810,572
1,588,541
285,644
Short Term Debt Issuance
1,588,541
285,644
149,528
Net Long Term Debt Issuance
5,093,384
1,300,203
1,236,912
1,917,158
Long Term Debt Payments
-7,207,564
-8,334,846
-9,099,938
-7,895,131
Long Term Debt Issuance
12,300,948
9,635,049
10,336,850
9,812,289
Investing Cash Flow
-230,297
-173,891
-4,361,112
-675,537
Cash Flow From Continuing Investing Activities
-230,297
-173,891
-4,361,112
-675,537
Net Other Investing Changes
17,500
6,639
1,438
2,496
Net Investment Purchase And Sale
8,926
19,008
42,135
33,046
Sale Of Investment
8,926
19,008
42,135
33,046
Net Business Purchase And Sale
361,046
475,379
-3,746,543
-95,427
Sale Of Business
713,136
962,435
479,067
0
Purchase Of Business
-352,090
-487,056
-4,225,610
-95,427
Capital Expenditure Reported
-617,769
-674,917
-658,142
-615,652
Operating Cash Flow
2,656,592
3,057,583
2,549,805
2,244,040
Cash Flow From Continuing Operating Activities
2,656,592
3,057,583
2,549,805
2,244,040
Dividend Received Cfo
35,831
32,849
18,267
45,521
Change In Working Capital
-346,657
-261,386
-362,199
-738,444
Change In Other Working Capital
338,341
-345,898
-313,333
128,584
Change In Payables And Accrued Expense
-140,014
-29,496
6,274
-17,157
Change In Payable
-140,014
-29,496
6,274
-17,157
Change In Account Payable
-140,014
-29,496
6,274
-17,157
Change In Prepaid Assets
-173,369
-221,447
-289,826
-295,980
Change In Receivables
-33,274
-10,443
-78,647
-111,974
Changes In Account Receivables
-33,274
-10,443
-78,647
-111,974
Other Non Cash Items
187,936
224,235
213,251
220,066
Stock Based Compensation
153,647
164,244
208,994
163,261
Provisionand Write Offof Assets
78,773
81,018
97,103
116,879
Asset Impairment Charge
33,218
0
0
833,075
Deferred Tax
-82,040
-346,228
-499,974
-315,495
Deferred Income Tax
-82,040
-346,228
-499,974
-315,495
Depreciation Amortization Depletion
1,415,377
1,862,331
1,776,692
1,662,455
Depreciation And Amortization
1,415,377
1,862,331
1,776,692
1,662,455
Amortization Cash Flow
996,540
1,369,328
1,318,535
1,262,969
Amortization Of Intangibles
996,540
1,369,328
1,318,535
1,262,969
Depreciation
418,837
493,003
458,157
399,486
Operating Gains Losses
-275,540
-343,633
68,848
113,409
Earnings Losses From Equity Investments
-120,013
-70,499
-67,896
-85,685
Gain Loss On Sale Of PPE
5,994
30,437
51,349
Gain Loss On Sale Of Business
-155,527
-273,134
136,744
199,094
Net Income From Continuing Operations
1,456,047
1,644,153
1,028,823
143,313
3/5
Graham Score
Speculative Investor
Fails most of Graham's safety criteria. Treat with caution.
Graham's Fair Value
N/A
N/A — requires
positive EPS and positive book value per share. Check the Financials tab for earnings history.
Margin of Safety
—
Market Cap / Net Assets
N/A
Net Assets: $23.8B
Warren's Owner Earnings
$3.4B
Latest fiscal year
Graham's 7 Criteria
Defensive Investor Checklist
3/5 — Speculative Investor
✅
Adequate Size
Graham required companies large enough to withstand economic downturns. This threshold ($1.5B) is inflation-adjusted from Graham's original $100M — virtually all S&P 500 companies pass this today.
$7.7B
vs > $1.5B revenue
❌
Strong Financial Condition
Current assets must be at least twice current liabilities. Note: highly profitable companies (Apple, Domino's) often run negative or low working capital deliberately — they collect cash fast and stretch payables. A failing score here is not always a warning sign.
1.69x
vs Current Ratio > 2.0x
✅
Earnings Stability
Graham required uninterrupted positive earnings. Any loss year is a red flag for defensive investors. Growth companies and cyclicals may show occasional losses during investment cycles or downturns without being fundamentally unsound.
No loss years (4 yrs data)
vs No negative EPS years
❌
Dividend Record
Graham valued dividends as evidence of financial discipline and shareholder alignment. Many excellent modern businesses (Alphabet, Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway) pay no dividend, preferring to reinvest cash at high rates of return. Failing this criterion does not indicate a poor business — it may indicate a high-growth one.
No dividend
vs Uninterrupted dividends
✅
Earnings Growth
EPS grew from $0.40 to $5.78 over 3 years. Graham's 33% threshold was set over a 10-year period. Measured over fewer years (as here), the bar is proportionally lower. Share buybacks can also inflate EPS growth without reflecting underlying business improvement.
+1345.0% EPS growth
vs > 33% EPS growth
Graham's 7 Criteria — Explained
What each criterion measures and why it matters.
✅ Adequate Size — $7.7Bvs > $1.5B revenue
Graham required companies large enough to withstand economic downturns. This threshold ($1.5B) is inflation-adjusted from Graham's original $100M — virtually all S&P 500 companies pass this today.
"The minimum size of an enterprise should be not less than $100 million of annual sales."
❌ Strong Financial Condition — 1.69xvs Current Ratio > 2.0x
Current assets must be at least twice current liabilities. Note: highly profitable companies (Apple, Domino's) often run negative or low working capital deliberately — they collect cash fast and stretch payables. A failing score here is not always a warning sign.
"For industrial companies, current assets should be at least twice current liabilities."
✅ Earnings Stability — No loss years (4 yrs data)vs No negative EPS years
Graham required uninterrupted positive earnings. Any loss year is a red flag for defensive investors. Growth companies and cyclicals may show occasional losses during investment cycles or downturns without being fundamentally unsound.
"The company should have shown no deficit in the past ten years."
❌ Dividend Record — No dividendvs Uninterrupted dividends
Graham valued dividends as evidence of financial discipline and shareholder alignment. Many excellent modern businesses (Alphabet, Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway) pay no dividend, preferring to reinvest cash at high rates of return. Failing this criterion does not indicate a poor business — it may indicate a high-growth one.
"Some current dividend payments — for at least the past 20 years."
EPS grew from $0.40 to $5.78 over 3 years. Graham's 33% threshold was set over a 10-year period. Measured over fewer years (as here), the bar is proportionally lower. Share buybacks can also inflate EPS growth without reflecting underlying business improvement.
"A minimum increase of at least one-third in per-share earnings over ten years."
These metrics estimate what GPN is worth based on fundamentals — independent of what the market prices it at.
Graham's Fair Value and NCAV are conservative floors.
EPV assumes zero growth. These are reference points, not price targets.
Net Current Asset Value
N/A
"Buy at two-thirds of net current assets." — Graham
Earnings Power Value
N/A
Per share, no-growth floor. Compare to current price.
ROIC — Return on Invested Capital
2.5%
Return on Invested Capital — Buffett's preferred measure for asset-light businesses. ROIC > 15% consistently signals a durable competitive advantage (moat). More meaningful than P/B for software, pharma, and consumer brand companies where most value is intangible and off-balance-sheet.
Cash Flow Analysis
Metric
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
Capital Expenditure % of Net Income
44.1%
43.0%
66.7%
552.2%
N/A
Repurchase of Capital Stock
-$1.2B
-$1.6B
-$459M
-$3.0B
N/A
Free Cash Flow
$2.0B▼
$2.4B▲
$1.9B▲
$1.6B•
N/A•
Warren's Owner Earnings
$3.4B
$4.1B
$3.4B
$2.4B
N/A
Peers & Industry
No auto-detected peers for this industry. You can manually compare GPN against any stock using the Compare tool.
"The management of a business is its most important single factor — more important than market position, patents, or financial structure."
— Benjamin Graham
No management data available.
Risk Analysis
GPN (GPN) fundamental analysis — Overall grade C based on profitability, financial health, valuation and cash flow. Graham's
Fair Value: N/A. Gross profit margin: 72.6%. Operating margin: 19.1%. Net margin: 18.2%. Analysis powered by 360investing — free fundamental stock analysis based on Benjamin Graham and Warren Buffett
principles.
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and may be delayed, inaccurate, or incomplete. Past performance is not indicative of future results. Analysis, scores, and valuations are algorithmic and do not represent professional investment recommendations. Always conduct your own due
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